MID NUFF

Adverbs ( Note and Exercises )

Adverbs


Adverbs are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb:

[1] Mary sings beautifully
[2] David is extremely clever
[3] This car goes incredibly fast

In [1], the adverb beautifully tells us how Mary sings. In [2], extremely tells us the degree to which David is clever. Finally, in [3], the adverb incredibly tells us how fast the car goes.

Before discussing the meaning of adverbs, however, we will identify some of their formal characteristics.


Formal Characteristics of Adverbs

From our examples above, you can see that many adverbs end in -ly. More precisely, they are formed by adding -ly to an adjective:

Adjective

slow

quick

soft

sudden

gradual

Adverb

slowly

quickly

softly

suddenly

gradually

Because of their distinctive endings, these adverbs are known as -LY ADVERBS. However, by no means all adverbs end in -ly. Note also that some adjectives also end in -ly, including costly, deadly, friendly, kindly, likely, lively, manly, and timely.

Like adjectives, many adverbs are GRADABLE, that is, we can modify them using very or extremely:

softly

very softly

suddenly

very suddenly

slowly

extremely slowly

The modifying words very and extremely are themselves adverbs. They are called DEGREE ADVERBS because they specify the degree to which an adjective or another adverb applies. Degree adverbs include almost, barely, entirely, highly, quite, slightly, totally, and utterly. Degree adverbs are not gradable (*extremely very).

Like adjectives, too, some adverbs can take COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE forms, with -er and -est:

John works hard -- Mary works harder -- I work hardest

However, the majority of adverbs do not take these endings. Instead, they form the comparative using more and the superlative using most:

Adverb

Comparative

Superlative

recently

more recently

most recently

effectively

more effectively

most effectively

frequently

more frequently

most frequently

In the formation of comparatives and superlatives, some adverbs are irregular:

Adverb

Comparative

Superlative

well

better

best

badly

worse

worst

little

less

least

much

more

most



Adverbs and Adjectives

Adverbs and adjectives have important characteristics in common -- in particular their gradability, and the fact that they have comparative and superlative forms. However, an important distinguishing feature is that adverbs do not modify nouns, either attributively or predicatively:

Adjective

Adverb

David is a happy child

*David is a happily child

David is happy

*David is happily

The following words, together with their comparative and superlative forms, can be both adverbs and adjectives:

early, far, fast, hard, late

The following sentences illustrate the two uses of early:

Adjective

Adverb

I'll catch the early train

I awoke early this morning

The comparative better and the superlative best, as well as some words denoting time intervals (daily, weekly, monthly), can also be adverbs or adjectives, depending on how they are used.

We have incorporated some of these words into the following exercise. See if you can distinguish between the adverbs and the adjectives.

z
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/images/exercise.gif
In each of the following pairs, indicate whether the highlighted word is an adverb or an adjective:

Top of Form

1a. My train arrived late, as usual

1b. I'm watching the late film

Adverb
Adjective


Adverb
Adjective

2a. My brother loves fast cars


2b. He drives too fast

Adverb
Adjective


Adverb
Adjective

3a. This exercise is harder than I thought


3b. I hope you'll try harder in future

Adverb
Adjective


Adverb
Adjective

4a. The Times is published daily


4b. The Times is a daily newspaper

Adverb
Adjective


Adverb
Adjective

5a. You've just ruined my best shirt


5b. Computers work best if you kick them

Adverb
Adjective


Adverb
Adjective

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/images/exercise.gif
In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the highlighted word is an adverb of manner, time, or place.

Top of Form

1. The thief crept silently across the rooftops

Manner
Time
Place

2. I'm not feeling well today

Manner
Time
Place

3. The teacher smiled enigmatically

Manner
Time
Place

4. We'll meet here after the match

Manner
Time
Place

5. My aunt never comes to visit

Manner
Time
Place

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/images/exercise.gif


An adverb has been highlighted in each of the following sentences. Indicate whether it is additive, exclusive, or a particularizer.

Top of Form

1. I was especially pleased to read about your award

Additive
Exclusive
Particularizer

2. We're only trying to help, you know

Additive
Exclusive
Particularizer

3. The rise in sea level is largely due to global warming

Additive
Exclusive
Particularizer

4. Roberts was both a coward and a thief

Additive
Exclusive
Particularizer

5. Realism is precisely what I'm looking for

Additive
Exclusive
Particularizer

Exercise on the Form of Adverbs

Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill the gap with the adverb.

  1. Joanne is happy. She smiles .
  2. The boy is loud. He shouts .
  3. Her English is fluent. She speaks English .
  4. Our mum was angry. She spoke to us .
  5. My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives .
  6. The painter is awful. He paints .
  7. Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano .
  8. This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house .
  9. She is a good dancer. She dances really .
  10. This exercise is simple. You have to put one word in each space.

EXERCISE - TYPES OF ADVERBS

Choose the most suitable adverb in bold to fill each blank:

angrily, enough, never, outside, yesterday

  • 1. She left _____ for the university where she is doing a degree course.

  • 2. We are standing _____ his house waiting for him.

  • 3. He told us _____ not to walk on the grass.

  • 4. I am not strong _____ to help him carry that box.

  • 5. She will _____ be happy in that job.

Bottom of Form

Bottom of Form

Bottom of Form

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