Nota Pelajar PISMP

iii) Gather information and select three non-routine problem and solve using two ore more types of problem solving. Select one strategy that is deemed to be most efficient and justify selection. Question 1 : In a non-leap year, which day is exactly in the middle of the year and what time is it? i) TABLE a) Understand the problem § What is given : Non-leap year § What is needed : The day is exactly in the middle and time of the year. b) Plan a strategy § Construct a problem-solving table c) Devising Month Days Hour January 31 744 February 28 672 March 31 744 April 30 720 May 31 744 June 30 720 July 31 744 August 31 744 September...

Routine and Non Routine Problems Problems can be generally classified into routine and non routine problems. Routine Problems A routine problem is one that merely requires us to apply some known procedures, usually involving arithmetic operations* to get the solution. An example of a routine problems are as follows: “What is the weight of 5 bricks, while each of them weigh 1.2kg?” Routine problem solving involves using at least one arithmetic operations and/or ratio to solve problems that are practical in nature. * The meanings of the arithmetic operations (from website: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~jameis/New%20Pages/EYR23.html ) The arithmetic operations are mathematical models (symbolic representations/notational systems/sign systems) of certain situations. A model is a way of representing some feature of reality. It is a way of looking at something. Models are not true or false . They are simply useful or not...

Polya’s Problem Solving Model This problem solving model is made by a Hungarian who immigrated to the United States in 1940. His name was George Polya (1887 – 1985). According to Polya (1957), a good problem solving includes 4 phases or steps. First phase is understanding the problem. Without understanding the meaning, students will not be able to find a correct solution. Once students understand the problem, they devise a plan. After devising the plan they carry out the devised plan. Polya suggested that in the end they must look back at the solution to verify its correctness. First step: Understand the Problem This seems so obvious that it is often not even mentioned, yet students are often stymied in their efforts to solve problems simply because they do not understand it fully, or even in part. Polya taught us to ask students questions such as: Do you understand all the words used in the problem? What are you asked to find or show? Can you restate the ...